Noon sakin & Tanwin

النون الساكنة و التنوين

The ن  that is ساكنة  is free from any vowels or حركات . It remains still in written form and pronunciation, when stopping or continuing – in recitation. It occurs in nouns, verbs, in the middle and end of words, and in prepositions only in the end such asأن   – عن – منThere is a sign for it, but it not always apparent : ْتنوين  is an extra نfound in the end of nouns, when continuing to the next word in recitation, it is left out if you stop at the word.It can have two dammas, two kasras, or two fat-has 

The letter following the ن  or تنوين  tells us how to pronounce it, and there are four main rules with regards to it : إظهار – إخفاء – إدغام – إقلاب

إظهار

 linguistically means clear, or obvious.In tajweed, it means pronouncing the letter completely & clearly from its articulation point without a ghunnah – nazalization on the letter.There are six letters – throat letters (ء – هـ – ع – ح – غ – خ ) – that, if preceded by a ن sakinah or تنوين  the  ن  is pronounced clearly.It is pronounced clearly whether  it is within one word or between two words. The tanween only occurs in the end however.Examples:

من أي شيء , ينأونمنهم, من هاد , قومٍ هادأنعمت,  من عمل , سميع عليم    وانحر , فمن حاجك ,عليم حكيم

فسينغضون

من غفور رحيم

ورب غفور , المنخنقة , من خلاف

Note: Noon  has a sukoon sign showing in quran at places of idhaar.

الإقلاب     

    Changing of the ن  and تنوين

إقلاب  means to switch or change something.

In tajweed it is the changing of noon saakinah or the tanween into a  م, when followed by a ب with a lengthened ghunnah on the letter ن.It can occur within the same word, or between two words.

It does not change the spelling of the word, rather just the pronunciation, sometimes it is indicated in the text with a little م  on the top of the word.

 There are two recorded ways of execution:

 a) one is where you change the ن  into a  (sealing your lips, i.e. lips joined during recitation) م   and  

b) the other way is by leaving a little space between your lips. Both have been recorded by the scholars.

Examples:  أَنْبِئْهُمْ,   مِنْ بَعْدِ   ,  زَوْجٍ بَهِيج  ,   لنسفعاً بالناصية

The Hiding of Noon!

إخفــــــــــــــاء

Hiding of the ن

إخفاء is linguistically defined as: hiding or concealment.

In tajweed it is the pronunciation of a letter without shaddah, characterized somewhere between an إظهار and an إدغام   (yet to be covered-lit. means assimilation) with a ghunnah remaining from the ن  and the تنوين

There are 15 letters all causing ikhfaa’, or hiding of the ن saakinah and tanween;

صف ذا ثنا كم جاد شخص قد سما دم طيبا زد في تقا ضع

It can take place between two words or in the middle of a word. 

  To hide the ن, our tongue does not touch the teeth or gum, instead our tongue moves close to, but not at, the articulation point of the next letter, with the ghunnah of the ن .

It is also called إخفاء حقيقي   because the articulation is gone, but the characteristic remains.

Here is a table for each letter of ikhfaa’.

تنجيكم من جاء فصبر جميل	منكم من كان رزق كريم	منثورا من ثمرة تمهيدا ثم	لينذر من ذا الذي سراعا ذلك	يَنْصُرْكُمْ أَنْ صَدُّوكُم بريح صر
انطلقوا من طيبات حلالا طيبا	أندادا من دابة قنوان دانية	ينسلون من سوء عابدات سائحات	ينقلب من قبل ثمنا قليلا	منشورا من شاء علم شيئا
تنظرون من ظلم قوم ظلموا	منضود من ضل مسجدا ضرارا	أنتم فمن تاب جنات تجري	انفروا فإلإن فاءوا وعلما فاغفر	ينزفون فإن زللتم يومئذ زرقا

Assimilation(Merging)

إدغام   

Linguistically means to merge or to insert.

In Tajweed/Quran, Idghaam occurs when two letters meet, and one of them is inserted into another one, and then what remains is the second letter because it has stronger characteristics then the first letter.

Doing Idghaam or Merging, think highways, before you merge to a highway there are two lanes and once you merge it becomes one.

SO the little lane joins/merges into bigger, main highway.

Just like in highways, city roads become part of the bigger highways, the first letter merges into the second letter, and in the process loses more of its original characteristics.

So the two letters in quran, first one mergin into 2^nd one completely or incompletely.

So, if noon sakina comes at the end of the word and one of the following letters (يرملون) comes in the beginning of the 2^nd word, then there is idhghaam.

These letters are:  يرملون  yarmaloon  or ينمو , ر  ,  ل

 Two types of Idghaam- إدغام:

1)           الاٍدغام بغنٌة

Idhgham bi-ghunnah (i.e. idhgham with nasalization), can be further divided in two categories: a) idhgam al-naqis and b) idhgham al-kamil.

 a)      الاٍدغام ناقص بغنٌة   

Incomplete merging, something remains from the noon, so what remains back?

The nasalization remains back from the noon, hence the name Idgham bighunnah or idgham naqis.

It occurs in letters: و and  ي

Becase of a shaddah, it becomes 2 harakaat long.

Examples: من يٌعمل  mayy-yamal (add shaddah to the yaa’, shaddah and idgham together makes it 2 sec long) 

من ولي, ولي ولا- waliyeww-wala, meww-waliyun  

b)      الاٍدغام الكامل بغنٌة   

Here al-kamil means completed merging with nasalization, because meem and noon are already nasalized (it’s a property in them) and they are completely pronounced thus, klamil.

This occurs in letters ن and  م

Examples:  مٌال من , كل من- kullumm-min, mimm-maa

من نٌعمة – minn-ni3matin.

Most of the letter noon is not said, so you don’t give this letter full right, it should touch the upper jaw roof.

2)           إدغام بغيرغنٌة     

 Idhgham bi-ghairi ghunnah (i.e. idhgham with nasalization) has only one kind, Idhgham al-kamil.

·         الاٍدغام الكامل   

الكامل- Kamil means complete, i.e. complete merging. When noon as-sakina or tanween is followed by a laam or raa, then there is idghaam kamil, that is, the first letter is gone completely, and is not even there anymore.

Logic: Noon has natural nasalization/ghunnah in it, but in this case one disappears completely, also called bi-ghairi ghunnah, without nasalization (combining without nasal sound). It occurs in letters : ل and  ر

Examples:

من ربهم  broken down as  ربهم  منْ, pronounced as مرٌبهم – mirrabihim.

What remains is the shaddah. As shaddah is idgham!

توابا رحيما – tanween and the raa’

 من لٌدنه – milladunhu, all remains is the shaddah.

 سائغا للشاربين – the laam is not original, saa’eeghallissharebeen.

 Few exceptions:

1)      It has to be within two words. (idhaar can be within one word or two words). Four words in quran that has the letters in it :  بنيانا ,  الدنيا,قنوان , صنوان . So, we change the meaning if we take away the noon, so these are exceptions in the same word. And you won’t find examples other than these, that have letters from yarmaloon with noon sakina/tanween.

2)      Within two words: ن, ن والقلم , the 7ukm (Hukm) is to say the harf noon clearly, e.g. يس والقرآن, also in saktah latifah, من راق, man raaq.

Perhaps, the following website will clear the issue much better:

www.ewaytoquran.tk